The SPT is one of the the drilling types that is done through auger or rinsing, in which is used a pile of a standard ground sampler for the measurement of penetration resistance, to collect samples and to determine the water level.
Soil drilling is an investigation done to evaluate the type of soil existing in a terrain, its strength, the thickness of the layers and the depth of the water and rock level.
The soil drilling is essential before starting a construction to have knowledge about the land and to ensure that there is no error in the construction, because it is through it that it is possible to evaluate which type of foundation is suitable for that work and to verify if there is need of other more in-depth geological studies.
For the execution of drilling there are several techniques and types. Soil drilling is a type of drilling straight to the land, in this case a well is created for profile observation, sampling and identification of the layers.
It is the most used equipment for the excavation of monitoring wells.
It is simple to handle; equipment and maintenance are low-cost and the method does not require the use of drilling fluids.The main objective of this type of drilling is to collect deformed samples for laboratory testing.
With the samples collected it is possible to determine the geological profile of the soil investigated, but it is not possible to obtain soil resistance indices directly with the drilling, as it is done in the SPT drillings.
Percussion drilling is performed with manual tripod and drilling tools, and comprises the collection of soil samples and the performance of penetration resistance tests of the standard SPT sampler at each metre, as well as observation of occurrences of the groundwater table, analysis and classification of samples.
As the excavation proceeds, sections of lining pipes are fitted for wall protection. To carry the crushed material, water is injected under pressure from the inside of the rod supporting the trephine. After perforation, the pre-filter is injected, if necessary, concomitantly with the removal of the temporary coating.
The monitoring system has the role of registering the influence of a given source of pollution on the quality of groundwater.
Sampling is performed in a set of strategically distributed wells in the vicinity of the residue disposal area (offering assistance to diagnose the situation).
Strategic location and rational construction of monitoring wells, combined with efficient collection methods, packaging and sample analysis, allow very accurate results on the influence of the residue disposal method on groundwater quality.